13 de noviembre de 2025 Cardiometabolic diseases
Metabolic syndrome vs prediabetes
Metabolic syndrome and prediabetes are distinct entities with different diagnostic criteria, but they share key components.
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13 de noviembre de 2025 Respiratory
When cough isn’t just a cold: understanding the signs of pneumonia
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) affect the trachea, the bronchi, the bronchioles and the lungs, with bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia being their most common manifestations. Pneumonia is especially dangerous in vulnerable individuals, such as paediatric and elderly populations.
Read more 13 de noviembre de 2025 Gastrointestinal diseases
The importance of managing the pH of the oesophagus in GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition where stomach contents reflux into the oesophagus, typically due to lower oesophageal sphincter dysfunction. It affects about 10–20% of people in Western countries, with around 6% having severe forms, while prevalence in Asia is lower, around 5%. It presents with heartburn, regurgitation and sometimes atypical symptoms like chronic cough or asthma, significantly impairing quality of life.
Read more 16 de septiembre de 2025 Cardiometabolic diseases
Obesity management: from lifestyle changes to medication and surgery
Obesity and overweight are a growing health issue. In 2022, 2.5 billion adults (18 years and older) were overweight, of these, 890 million were living with obesity, and these values are expected to continue rising in the following years. The consequences of obesity are vast, ranging from increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes, to impaired quality of life.
Read more 16 de septiembre de 2025 Cardiometabolic diseases
Hypertension in primary care: a need for long-term management
Thresholds for hypertension diagnosis differ depending if blood pressure (BP) is measured in the office, at home or ambulatory (daytime, night-time and 24 hours values) according to European guidelines.
Read more 16 de septiembre de 2025 Cardiometabolic diseases
LDL-C goals in international guidelines and how to achieve them
Across major guidelines, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) remains the primary target for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention, although other guidelines (e.g. United Kingdom) propose non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) as the main metric for monitoring ASCVD. The primary aim of LDL-C management is to achieve the lowest possible levels through appropriate treatment intensification, while tailoring it to the patient’s cardiovascular risk category, with particular attention to those at high or very high risk.
Read more 2 de septiembre de 2025 Cardiometabolic diseases
Clustering of metabolic risk factors in CVD: obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia
Metabolic syndrome is a condition marked by a complex set of physiological, biochemical, and metabolic factors, such as abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and dyslipidaemia.
Read more 30 de julio de 2025 Cardiometabolic diseases
The ticking clock of metabolic syndrome: why early detection matters
Metabolic syndrome is a complex set of interconnected physiological, biochemical, and metabolic factors that contribute to the development of several chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes.
Read more 30 de julio de 2025 Respiratory
Why controlling inflammation may be the core of treatment in asthma
Despite decades of advances, asthma continues to affect over 260 million individuals globally, making it one of the most common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide and the leading chronic condition in children.
Read more 1 de julio de 2025 Cardiometabolic diseases
Hyperlipidaemia: when and how to start statin therapy
During the last decades, the prevalence of some non-communicable diseases, such as hyperlipidaemia, has been increasing globally. A recent meta-analysis conducted in the Middle East found a pooled prevalence of 32.09% for elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).1 Increased blood levels of LDL-C, classified as hyperlipidaemia, is a well-established causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)
Read more 30 de junio de 2025 CNS
The first seizure:
risk of recurrence and when to initiate treatment
Unprovoked seizures are defined as events occurring in the absence of an acute systemic or cerebral insult. They are distinct from acute symptomatic seizures, which are triggered by reversible conditions such as infections, electrolyte imbalances, or substance withdrawal, and in which recurrence can be considered a rare event
Read more 1 de marzo de 2025 Respiratory
Clearing the air, natural ways to soothe nasal congestion
Definition and impact of nasal congestion. Nasal congestion is a common symptom in upper respiratory conditions (such as rhinitis sinusitis, common cold, nasal surgery…) defined as the objective restriction of nasal cavity airflow caused by mucosal pathology and/or increased mucous secretions.
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